A-Z Resource

Design-Build Glossary: Residential Construction Terms for Homeowners

Understanding residential construction terminology is essential for homeowners planning an ADU, home addition, remodel, or custom home project. This glossary provides clear, expert-written definitions for 88 design-build, construction, and permitting terms used throughout the residential building process. Whether you’re exploring your first project or comparing contractors, Urbatect’s design-build glossary gives you the knowledge to make confident decisions.

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A

Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU)

Definition

An accessory dwelling unit (ADU) is a secondary residential unit built on the same lot as a primary single-family home. ADUs can be detached, attached, or converted from existing structures such as garages or basements, and include a full kitchen, bathroom, and sleeping area.

Explanation

Homeowners build ADUs to house family members, generate rental income, or increase property value. ADUs are increasingly popular due to relaxed zoning laws across the U.S. Urbatect manages the entire process—from permits to move-in on your existing property.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Detached ADUJunior ADU (JADU)Garage ConversionZoning
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Adaptive Reuse

Definition

Adaptive reuse is the process of repurposing an existing structure for a use different from its original design. In residential construction, this often means converting garages, barns, or commercial spaces into livable homes, ADUs, or functional living areas.

Explanation

Rather than demolishing an old structure, adaptive reuse preserves the existing building while updating its function. This approach reduces waste, lowers construction costs, and can retain historic character. Design-build firms guide homeowners through redesign, permitting, and code compliance.

Example"Converting an old detached garage into a one-bedroom rental ADU."
Related Terms
Garage ConversionAttic ConversionADURenovation

Architectural Drawings

Definition
Architectural drawings are detailed technical illustrations that document the design, layout, and dimensions of a building or renovation project. They include floor plans, elevations, sections, and detail drawings used by contractors, engineers, and permit agencies.
Explanation
These drawings communicate exactly how a home or addition will be built. Homeowners rely on architectural drawings to visualize the finished project, while contractors use them for accurate construction. A design-build firm produces these drawings in-house as part of an integrated process.
Example" A set of drawings showing the layout of a new home addition."
Related Terms
Architectural PlansConstruction DocumentsFloor PlanSite Plan

Architectural Plans

Definition
Architectural plans are the complete set of design documents prepared by an architect or design-build firm that describe the scope, layout, and specifications of a construction project. They are required for permit submission and guide every phase of construction.
Explanation
For homeowners, architectural plans translate your vision into a buildable design. They include floor plans, exterior elevations, and construction details. In a design-build model, plans are developed collaboratively with the homeowner before permits are submitted and construction begins.
Example"A full plan set submitted to the city for a two-story home addition."
Related Terms
Architectural DrawingsConstruction DocumentsPermit SubmissionSchematic Design

Architectural Rendering

Definition
An architectural rendering is a visual representation—either digital or hand-drawn—that shows what a finished building, room, or addition will look like. Renderings are used in design presentations to help homeowners visualize the project before construction begins.
Explanation
Renderings bring a project to life before a single nail is driven. They can show exterior facades, interior spaces, material finishes, and landscaping. Design-build firms use renderings to align expectations and gain homeowner approval before finalizing construction documents.
Example" A 3D rendering of a proposed home addition showing new exterior materials."
Related Terms
Schematic DesignDesign DevelopmentArchitectural DrawingsFloor Plan

As-Built Drawings

Definition
As-built drawings are updated construction documents that reflect the actual conditions of a completed project, including any changes made during construction. They serve as a permanent record of how a structure was built.
Explanation
During construction, minor changes often occur. As-built drawings capture those final adjustments—pipe locations, wall dimensions, structural details—so homeowners have an accurate record of their home. These documents are valuable for future renovations, insurance claims, or property sales.
Example"Updated floor plans showing where plumbing was rerouted during a kitchen "
Related Terms
Construction DocumentsArchitectural DrawingsStructural EngineerRenovation
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Attic Conversion

Definition
An attic conversion is the process of transforming an unused attic space into a functional living area, such as a bedroom, home office, or bathroom. It typically requires structural upgrades, insulation, ventilation, and egress window installation.
Explanation
Converting an attic is a cost-effective way to add living space without expanding your home's footprint. However, it must meet building codes for ceiling height, egress, and structural load. A design-build firm handles design, engineering, and permitting to ensure a safe, code-compliant result.
Example"Converting an unfinished attic into a 400-square-foot bedroom suite."
Related Terms
Home AdditionEgress WindowBuilding PermitRemodeling

B

Building Code

Definition
A building code is a set of regulations established by local, state, or national authorities that govern the minimum standards for construction, safety, structural integrity, and habitability of buildings. All residential projects must comply with applicable building codes.
Explanation
Building codes protect homeowners by ensuring structures are safe, energy-efficient, and durable. They cover everything from framing and electrical to fire safety and accessibility. A design-build firm ensures every aspect of your project is designed and built to meet current code requirements.
Example"RC (International Residential Code) requirements for stair railing height."
Related Terms
Building PermitCertificate of OccupancyZoning CodeTitle 24 Compliance

Building Envelope

Definition
The building envelope is the physical barrier between a home's interior and exterior environment, including the walls, roof, foundation, windows, and doors. It controls heat transfer, air movement, and moisture to maintain indoor comfort and energy efficiency.
Explanation
A well-designed building envelope keeps your home warm in winter, cool in summer, and protected from moisture damage. Insulation, air sealing, and quality windows are key components. Design-build teams consider the envelope holistically during both new construction and major remodeling projects.
Example"Upgrading wall insulation and windows during a whole-home remodel."
Related Terms
InsulationEnergy-Efficient Home DesignExterior FinishesFraming

Building Footprint

Definition
A building footprint is the total ground-level area covered by a structure, measured as the outer perimeter of its foundation or ground floor. It determines how much of a lot a building occupies and is used to calculate lot coverage.
Explanation
Zoning regulations limit how large a building's footprint can be on a given lot. Homeowners planning additions or ADUs must understand their footprint to avoid code violations. Design-build firms calculate the footprint early in the planning process to ensure compliance with local zoning.
Example"A 1,200-square-foot home with a 1,200-square-foot building footprint."
Related Terms
Lot CoverageBuilding SetbackSite PlanZoning

Building Inspector

Definition
A building inspector is a government official authorized to review construction at various stages to verify compliance with building codes, approved plans, and safety standards. Inspections are required at key milestones throughout a construction project.
Explanation
Inspectors check framing, electrical, plumbing, insulation, and final completion before a certificate of occupancy is issued. Passing all required inspections is mandatory. A design-build firm schedules and manages inspections throughout construction to keep your project on track.
Example"A framing inspection completed before drywall is installed on a home addition."
Related Terms
Building PermitCertificate of OccupancyConstruction PhasesBuilding Code

Building Permit

Definition
A building permit is an official approval issued by a local government agency that authorizes construction, renovation, or demolition work. Permits ensure that proposed work complies with building codes, zoning regulations, and safety standards before construction begins.
Explanation

Most residential projects—including ADUs, additions, and major remodels—require a permit. Working without one can result in fines, required demolition, and difficulty selling your home. Design-build firms handle permit applications, plan submissions, and approvals on behalf of homeowners.

Example"Pulling a building permit before starting a kitchen addition project."
Related Terms
Permit SubmissionBuilding CodeCertificate of OccupancyPre-Construction
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Building Setback

Definition
A building setback is the minimum required distance between a structure and a property line, street, or other boundary, as established by local zoning codes. Setbacks regulate how close a building can be to the edges of a lot.
Explanation
Setbacks vary by zoning district and affect where you can build an ADU, addition, or new structure on your property. Violating setback requirements can result in permit denial or required removal. A design-build firm reviews setbacks before designing to avoid costly errors.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
SetbackProperty LineZoning CodeSite Plan

C

Cantilever

Definition

A cantilever is a structural element that projects horizontally beyond its support without external bracing at the extending end. In residential construction, cantilevered sections are commonly used for floor overhangs, decks, balconies, and architectural features.

Explanation

Cantilevered designs create dramatic architectural looks without additional columns below. They require careful structural engineering to ensure safety and code compliance. Design-build firms work with structural engineers to incorporate cantilevers into additions, decks, and custom home designs.

Example"A second-floor bedroom that extends over the garage below."
Related Terms
Structural EngineerDead LoadFramingHome Addition

Certificate of Occupancy

Definition
A certificate of occupancy (CO) is an official document issued by a local government agency confirming that a building or completed construction project meets all applicable codes and is safe for occupancy. It is required before a new or converted space can be legally inhabited.
Explanation
Without a CO, you cannot legally live in or rent a newly built ADU, addition, or converted space. The CO is issued after all required inspections pass. A design-build firm manages the inspection process and ensures all work is completed to receive the CO promptly.
Example"Receiving a CO for a new detached ADU before the tenant moves in."
Related Terms
Building PermitBuilding InspectorBuilding CodeADU

Change Order

Definition
A change order is a written document that modifies the original scope of work, cost, or timeline in a construction contract. It is issued when a homeowner requests additions or changes, or when unforeseen site conditions require adjustments to the project plan.
Explanation
Change orders are normal in construction projects. They protect both the homeowner and the contractor by documenting agreed-upon changes in writing before work proceeds. In a design-build model, change orders are managed transparently with clear cost and schedule impacts.
Example"Change orders are normal in construction projects. They protect both the homeowner and the contractor by documenting agreed-upon changes in writing before work proceeds. In a design-build model, change orders are managed transparently with clear cost and schedule impacts."
Related Terms
Construction BudgetScope of WorkConstruction ContractDesign-Build Contract

Cladding

Definition

Cladding is the exterior material applied to the outside of a building to provide weather protection, insulation, and aesthetic finish. Common residential cladding materials include wood siding, stucco, fiber cement, brick, stone veneer, and metal panels.

Explanation

Cladding is both functional and decorative. It protects the building envelope from moisture and temperature extremes while defining the visual character of a home. Design-build teams help homeowners select cladding that complements the design, meets code, and suits the local climate.

Example"Installing fiber cement lap siding on a new home addition to match existing exterior."
Related Terms
Exterior FinishesBuilding EnvelopeHome AdditionCustom Home

Concrete Slab

Definition
A concrete slab is a flat, horizontal layer of cast concrete used as a structural floor or foundation element in residential construction. Slabs can be poured at grade level, above grade, or as part of a raised foundation system.
Explanation
Concrete slabs provide a solid, durable base for homes, ADUs, garages, and additions. Slab-on-grade foundations are common in warm climates and for accessory structures. A design-build firm coordinates structural engineering and concrete work to ensure the slab meets load and code requirements.
Example"Pouring a concrete slab foundation for a new detached ADU."
Related Terms
FoundationFootingStructural EngineerADU

Construction Budget

Definition
A construction budget is a detailed financial plan that outlines all anticipated costs for a building or renovation project, including materials, labor, permits, design fees, and contingency funds. It sets the financial parameters for the entire project.
Explanation

A realistic construction budget prevents costly surprises and helps homeowners make informed design decisions. Budgets are refined as design progresses. Design-build firms provide transparent, itemized budgets early in the process so you know total project costs before construction begins.

Example"A $250,000 construction budget for a 500-square-foot home addition."
Related Terms
Construction Cost EstimateChange OrderPre-ConstructionDesign-Build
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Construction Cost Estimate

Definition
A construction cost estimate is a projected total of all expenses required to complete a building project, prepared before or during the design phase. It includes materials, labor, subcontractor work, permits, and overhead costs.
Explanation
Estimates help homeowners understand project costs before committing to a full contract. Early estimates are conceptual; detailed estimates follow completed design documents. Design-build firms provide cost estimates at each design milestone so homeowners can adjust scope to meet budget.
Example"A preliminary estimate of $180,000 provided after schematic design is complete."
Related Terms
Construction BudgetScope of WorkPre-ConstructionDesign-Build Process
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Construction Documents

Definition

Construction documents are the complete set of drawings and specifications used to build a project. They include architectural plans, structural engineering drawings, mechanical/plumbing/electrical plans, and written specifications that define materials and workmanship standards.

Explanation

Construction documents are the final, permit-ready version of your project's design. They are submitted to the city for permit approval and used by contractors to build the project accurately. In a design-build model, these documents are produced by the same firm managing construction.

Example"A full set of stamped construction documents submitted for building permit."
Related Terms
Architectural PlansEngineering PlansPermit SubmissionStructural Engineer
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Construction Management

Definition
Construction management is the professional oversight of a building project, including scheduling, budgeting, subcontractor coordination, quality control, and progress reporting. A construction manager ensures the project is delivered on time, within budget, and to specification.
Explanation
Effective construction management prevents delays, cost overruns, and workmanship issues. In a design-build model, construction management is handled internally by the same firm that designed your project, ensuring seamless communication and accountability throughout the build.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Project ManagerGeneral ContractorConstruction ScheduleDesign-Build
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Construction Phases

Definition
Construction phases are the sequential stages of a building project, typically including pre-construction, site preparation, foundation, framing, mechanical/electrical/plumbing rough-in, insulation, drywall, finishes, and final inspections leading to occupancy.
Explanation
Understanding construction phases helps homeowners know what to expect at each stage of their project. Each phase must be completed and often inspected before the next begins. Design-build firms provide homeowners with a clear phase-by-phase schedule at the start of the project.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Construction SchedulePre-ConstructionBuilding InspectorConstruction Management

Construction Project Timeline

Definition

A construction project timeline is a chronological schedule that maps out every major task, milestone, and inspection required to complete a building project from start to finish. It establishes expected durations and sequences for all phases of construction.

Explanation

A timeline helps homeowners plan around construction and understand when decisions are needed. Timelines vary based on project complexity, permit approval times, and material lead times. Design-build firms provide and actively manage project timelines to keep work on schedule.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Construction ScheduleConstruction PhasesPre-ConstructionProject Manager

Construction Schedule

Definition

A construction schedule is a detailed, time-based plan that outlines when each task and phase of a project will be completed. It coordinates the sequencing of work across all trades and subcontractors to keep the project on track and avoid delays.

Explanation

The construction schedule is the contractor's day-to-day roadmap. It accounts for permit timelines, material deliveries, inspections, and trade coordination. Design-build firms maintain updated schedules throughout construction and communicate progress to homeowners regularly.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Construction Project TimelineConstruction PhasesSubcontractorProject Manager

Construction Proposal

Definition
A construction proposal is a formal document submitted by a contractor or design-build firm that outlines the scope of work, cost estimate, timeline, and terms for completing a project. It is presented to the homeowner for review and approval before a contract is signed.
Explanation
A clear construction proposal allows homeowners to compare bids, understand what is included, and identify potential gaps. Design-build proposals typically include design services, permitting, and construction costs in a single document, reducing ambiguity and surprises.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Scope of WorkConstruction BudgetDesign-Build ContractPre-Construction

Custom Home

Definition
A custom home is a one-of-a-kind residence designed and built to the specific preferences and requirements of the homeowner. Every aspect—from floor plan layout to materials and finishes—is tailored to the homeowner's lifestyle, site, and budget.
Explanation

Unlike production homes built from standard plans, custom homes are designed from scratch with the homeowner as the creative collaborator. A design-build firm manages the entire process—design, engineering, permitting, and construction—under one roof for a streamlined experience.

Example"A 3,000-square-foot home designed for a family on a sloped lot in the hills."
Related Terms
Design-BuildArchitectural PlansSchematic DesignConstruction Budget
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D

Dead Load

Definition
A dead load is the permanent, static weight of all building materials, systems, and fixed elements in a structure, including framing, roofing, flooring, walls, and mechanical equipment. Dead loads are used in structural calculations to size beams, columns, and foundations.
Explanation
Structural engineers calculate dead loads to ensure a building can safely support its own weight over time. When adding a room addition or converting an attic, engineers assess whether existing structural elements can handle the added dead load. Design-build firms include this analysis in every project.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Structural EngineerLoad Bearing WallFramingFoundation

Deck

Definition
A deck is an elevated outdoor platform attached to or adjacent to a residence, typically constructed from wood, composite, or metal materials. Decks require building permits, must meet structural and safety code requirements, and are inspected before use.
Explanation
Adding a deck increases usable outdoor living space and can improve property value. Deck design must account for structural loads, ledger attachment, railing heights, and stair egress. A design-build firm handles structural design, permit submission, and construction for code-compliant decks.
Example"A 300-square-foot rear deck with composite decking attached to a single-family home."
Related Terms
Building PermitStructural EngineerHome AdditionCantilever
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Demolition

Definition
Demolition in construction refers to the controlled removal or tearing down of existing structures, walls, systems, or building components to prepare for new construction or renovation. Selective demolition preserves portions of the existing building while removing targeted areas.
Explanation
Demolition is often the first physical step in a remodel or addition project. It must be carefully planned to avoid damaging structural elements, hidden utilities, or adjacent areas. Design-build firms include demolition planning in pre-construction to ensure safe, efficient removal.
Example"Removing an interior wall and existing kitchen cabinets before a full kitchen remodel."
Related Terms
Pre-ConstructionRemodelingLoad Bearing WallConstruction Phases

Design Development

Definition
Design development is the phase of the architectural design process where schematic concepts are refined into detailed plans, including room dimensions, material selections, structural systems, and engineering coordination. It follows schematic design and precedes construction documents.
Explanation
During design development, the homeowner's vision is translated into a buildable, code-compliant design. Decisions made here—materials, window types, structural systems—directly affect construction costs. Design-build firms use this phase to align design intent with the approved project budget.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Schematic DesignConstruction DocumentsArchitectural PlansDesign-Build Process

Design Consultant

Definition

A design consultant is a licensed or specialized professional engaged to provide expert input on specific aspects of a construction project, such as interior design, landscape architecture, lighting, acoustics, or energy performance.

Explanation

Design consultants complement the core design team by bringing specialized expertise. For example, a homeowner might engage an interior design consultant to refine material and finish selections. Design-build firms often have preferred consultants integrated into their project teams for continuity.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Design DevelopmentLandscape ArchitectureInterior FinishesDesign-Build Firm

Design-Build

Definition
Design-build is a project delivery method in which a single firm is responsible for both the architectural design and construction of a project under one contract. This integrated approach contrasts with the traditional design-bid-build method, where design and construction are separate contracts.
Explanation

Design-build simplifies the construction process for homeowners by providing a single point of accountability. It reduces communication gaps, accelerates timelines, and often improves cost certainty. Urbatect uses the design-build model to deliver ADUs, home additions, and remodels under one roof.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Design-Build ProcessDesign-Build FirmDesign-Bid-BuildDesign-Build Contract
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Design-Build Contract

Definition

A design-build contract is a legal agreement between a homeowner and a design-build firm that covers both architectural design services and construction under a single contract. It defines the project scope, fees, design deliverables, construction cost, schedule, and responsibilities.

Explanation
A single contract streamlines communication and reduces risk for homeowners. All design and construction obligations are held by one party, eliminating disputes between separate architects and contractors. Design-build contracts clearly outline what is included, how changes are handled, and payment terms.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Design-BuildScope of WorkChange OrderConstruction Proposal
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Design-Build Firm

Definition

A design-build firm is a company that provides integrated architectural design and construction services under one roof. The firm employs or contracts both licensed designers and construction professionals to deliver projects from concept through completion.

Explanation

Working with a design-build firm means a homeowner has one team, one contract, and one point of contact for their entire project. This model improves coordination, speeds up delivery, and creates accountability. Urbatect is a residential design-build firm specializing in ADUs, additions, and custom homes.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Design-BuildGeneral ContractorDesign-Build ProcessProject Manager
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Design-Build Process

Definition
The design-build process is the sequential workflow used by a design-build firm to deliver a project, typically including initial consultation, feasibility study, schematic design, design development, construction documents, permit submission, construction, and final inspection.
Explanation
The design-build process is streamlined compared to traditional methods because design and construction teams work together from day one. Homeowners benefit from faster timelines, fewer handoffs, and better cost control. Urbatect guides homeowners through each phase with clear milestones and communication.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Design-BuildPre-ConstructionConstruction PhasesSchematic Design
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Design-Bid-Build

Definition
Design-bid-build is a traditional project delivery method in which the owner hires an architect to produce completed design documents, then solicits bids from separate contractors to build the project. Design and construction are managed under two separate contracts.
Explanation
In design-bid-build, the homeowner acts as the liaison between the architect and the contractor, which can create communication gaps and cost disputes. Design-build eliminates this friction by keeping design and construction under one contract. Most homeowners find design-build faster and less stressful.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
In design-bid-buildthe homeowner acts as the liaison between the architect and the contractorwhich can create communication gaps and cost disputes. Design-build eliminates this friction by keeping design and construction under one contract. Most homeowners find design-build faster and less stressful.

Detached ADU

Definition
A detached ADU is an accessory dwelling unit that is a fully separate, freestanding structure located on the same lot as the primary residence. It has its own foundation, walls, roof, entrance, kitchen, and bathroom, independent from the main home.
Explanation
Detached ADUs offer maximum privacy for both the homeowner and tenant. They are popular for rental income, multigenerational living, and home office use. Design-build firms handle site planning, engineering, permitting, and construction of detached ADUs from start to finish.
Example"A 600-square-foot backyard cottage built separately from the main house."
Related Terms
ADUJunior ADU (JADU)Garage ConversionBuilding Permit
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Dwelling Unit

Definition
A dwelling unit is a self-contained residential space that includes living, sleeping, cooking, and bathroom facilities used by one household. It is the basic unit of residential occupancy recognized in building codes and zoning regulations.
Explanation
Zoning codes regulate how many dwelling units are permitted on a single lot. ADUs are classified as additional dwelling units. Understanding dwelling unit definitions is essential when planning an ADU or garage conversion, as it affects permits, utility connections, and zoning compliance.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
ADUJunior ADU (JADU)Zoning CodeBuilding Code

E

Easement

Definition
An easement is a legal right that grants a party the use of a portion of someone else's property for a specific purpose, such as utility access, drainage, or shared driveways. Easements are recorded on the property deed and are binding on future owners.
Explanation
Easements can restrict where you can build on your lot. A utility easement along a rear property line may prevent you from placing an ADU in that area. Design-build firms review property records and easements during the feasibility phase to ensure your project avoids restricted areas.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Property LineSite PlanFeasibility StudyLand Survey

Egress Window

Definition
An egress window is a window that meets minimum size and accessibility requirements set by building codes to allow occupants to escape during an emergency. Egress windows are required in all sleeping rooms and basement bedrooms in residential construction.
Explanation
If you're converting an attic, basement, or room into a bedroom, an egress window is typically required by code. The window must meet minimum opening width, height, and sill height standards. Design-build firms specify and install code-compliant egress windows as part of residential renovation projects.
Example"Installing a code-compliant egress window in a basement bedroom conversion."
Related Terms
Attic ConversionBuilding CodeRemodelingHome Addition

Energy-Efficient Home Design

Definition
Energy-efficient home design refers to architectural and construction strategies that reduce a building's energy consumption through improved insulation, air sealing, window performance, mechanical systems, and orientation. It lowers utility costs and reduces environmental impact.
Explanation
Energy-efficient design saves homeowners money over the life of the home. Strategies include high-performance insulation, LED lighting, efficient HVAC systems, and solar-ready designs. Design-build firms incorporate energy efficiency goals into both new builds and major remodeling projects.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
InsulationTitle 24 ComplianceHVACBuilding Envelope

Engineering Plans

Definition

Engineering plans are technical drawings prepared by licensed engineers—including structural, civil, mechanical, and electrical engineers—that document the engineering systems and structural components required for a construction project.

Explanation

Engineering plans are required for permit submission on most residential projects involving structural changes. They ensure the building can safely support loads, manage drainage, and operate its systems. In a design-build firm, engineers are integrated into the project team alongside architects.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Structural EngineerConstruction DocumentsArchitectural PlansPermit Submission
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Excavation

Definition
Excavation is the process of removing soil, rock, or other material from a site to prepare for construction of a foundation, drainage system, or underground utilities. It is typically one of the first phases of physical site work.
Explanation
Excavation depth and extent depend on foundation type, soil conditions, and site topography. Poor excavation planning can cause drainage problems or foundation instability. Design-build firms coordinate excavation with geotechnical recommendations and structural engineering to ensure a sound foundation.
Example"Digging 4 feet below grade to pour a new foundation for an ADU."
Related Terms
FoundationGradingConcrete SlabPre-Construction

Exterior Finishes

Definition
Exterior finishes are the final surface materials applied to the outside of a building, including siding, stucco, paint, trim, roofing, and cladding. They protect the structure from weather and define the home's visual appearance.
Explanation
The right exterior finishes improve durability, curb appeal, and energy performance. Material choices must be appropriate for local climate conditions and HOA or zoning requirements. Design-build firms help homeowners select exterior finishes that complement the architecture and meet all code requirements.
Example"Applying smooth stucco finish and painted wood trim on a new home addition."
Related Terms
CladdingBuilding EnvelopeHome AdditionCustom Home

F

Feasibility Study

Definition

A feasibility study is an early-phase analysis that evaluates whether a proposed construction project is viable given site conditions, zoning regulations, building codes, budget constraints, and design goals. It identifies potential obstacles before significant design investment is made.

Explanation

A feasibility study saves homeowners time and money by uncovering permit restrictions, setbacks, easements, or budget gaps before design begins. It answers the key question: can this project be built? Design-build firms conduct feasibility studies as the first step in the design-build process.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
ZoningBuilding SetbackConstruction BudgetPre-Construction
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Floor Plan

Definition
A floor plan is a scaled architectural drawing that shows the layout of rooms, walls, doors, windows, and structural elements of a building viewed from above. It is one of the most fundamental architectural documents used in residential design and construction.
Explanation
A floor plan is a scaled architectural drawing that shows the layout of rooms, walls, doors, windows, and structural elements of a building viewed from above. It is one of the most fundamental architectural documents used in residential design and construction.
Example"A floor plan showing an open kitchen, dining, and living area on the ground floor."
Related Terms
Architectural PlansOpen Floor PlanSchematic DesignConstruction Documents

Footing

Definition
A footing is a structural concrete element placed at the base of a foundation wall or column that distributes the building's weight to the soil below. Footings must be sized and placed according to soil bearing capacity and structural loads.
Explanation
Footings are one of the most critical structural elements in any building. They prevent settling and structural failure by spreading loads over a larger soil area. Engineers size footings based on soil reports and design loads. Design-build firms include footing design in all new construction and addition projects.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
FoundationConcrete SlabStructural EngineerDead Load

Foundation

Definition
A foundation is the structural base of a building that transfers all structural loads from the structure to the ground. Common residential foundation types include slab-on-grade, crawl space, and basement foundations, each suited to different soil and climate conditions.
Explanation
The foundation determines the long-term stability and durability of your home. Choosing the right foundation type depends on soil conditions, local climate, and budget. Design-build firms work with structural and geotechnical engineers to design and build the appropriate foundation for every project.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
FootingConcrete SlabStructural EngineerExcavation

Framing

Definition
Framing is the structural skeleton of a building, consisting of wood or metal members including studs, joists, rafters, beams, and headers that form the walls, floors, and roof structure. Framing defines the shape and supports the loads of the entire building.
Explanation

Framing is one of the most important construction phases, as it establishes the structural integrity and layout of the home. It must be accurately built to match the architectural and engineering plans. Design-build firms inspect framing quality before covering it with insulation and drywall.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Load Bearing WallDead LoadStructural EngineerConstruction Phases

G

Garage Conversion

Definition

A garage conversion is the process of transforming an existing garage into a habitable living space, such as a bedroom, home office, studio, or ADU. It requires permits, insulation, weatherproofing, and upgrades to meet residential building code standards.

Explanation

Converting a garage is one of the most cost-effective ways to add living space or create a rental unit without expanding the building footprint. However, it must meet all residential building codes including egress, insulation, and minimum ceiling heights. A design-build firm handles design and permitting.

Example"Converting a two-car garage into a 400-square-foot studio ADU."
Related Terms
ADUAdaptive ReuseBuilding PermitDetached ADU
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General Contractor

Definition
A general contractor (GC) is a licensed professional responsible for overseeing and managing all on-site construction activities, including hiring and coordinating subcontractors, procuring materials, maintaining the construction schedule, and ensuring code compliance.
Explanation
In traditional construction, the general contractor is separate from the architect. In a design-build firm, the GC role is often performed by the same company that designed the project, creating tighter coordination. Homeowners benefit from a single point of accountability for design and construction.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Design-Build FirmSubcontractorConstruction ManagementProject Manager
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Green Building

Definition
Green building refers to design and construction practices that minimize environmental impact by reducing energy and water consumption, using sustainable materials, improving indoor air quality, and designing for long-term durability and low maintenance.
Explanation
Green building benefits homeowners through lower utility bills, improved comfort, and potential incentives or tax credits. Strategies include solar panels, rainwater harvesting, recycled materials, and high-efficiency HVAC systems. Design-build firms can integrate green building standards into any residential project.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Energy-Efficient Home DesignTitle 24 ComplianceInsulationHVAC

Grading

Definition
Grading is the process of reshaping or leveling the ground surface of a site to ensure proper drainage, prepare for construction, and manage water flow away from the building foundation. It is typically performed with heavy equipment before construction begins.
Explanation
Proper grading prevents water from pooling around your foundation, which can cause structural damage and mold. Grading plans are often required for permits on new construction and addition projects. Design-build firms coordinate grading as part of site preparation during pre-construction.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
ExcavationSite PlanFoundationRetaining Wall

H

Hardscape

Definition

Hardscape refers to the non-living, hard surface elements of a residential landscape, including driveways, walkways, patios, retaining walls, steps, and decorative stonework. Hardscape contrasts with softscape, which includes plants, lawn, and other organic elements.

Explanation

Hardscape design improves functionality, accessibility, and curb appeal around a home. When adding an ADU or making an addition, hardscape often needs to be updated to accommodate new paths, parking, or patios. Design-build firms incorporate hardscape planning into the overall site design.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Retaining WallGradingSite PlanLandscape Architecture

Home Addition

Definition
A home addition is a construction project that adds new square footage to an existing residence by extending or adding to its existing footprint or building up with new floors. Additions can include new bedrooms, bathrooms, kitchens, family rooms, or second stories.
Explanation

A home addition is one of the most impactful ways to gain living space without moving. It must match the structural, aesthetic, and energy standards of the existing home. Design-build firms specialize in additions, managing design, engineering, permitting, and construction as a unified process.

Example"Adding a 600-square-foot master suite to the rear of a single-family home."
Related Terms
Home ExpansionRemodelingBuilding PermitDesign-Build
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Home Expansion

Definition
Home expansion refers to any project that increases the total livable square footage of a residence, including room additions, second-story additions, basement finishing, or ADU construction. It encompasses both horizontal and vertical growth of a home.
Explanation

Home expansion allows families to grow within their existing neighborhood without the cost and disruption of moving. Options range from small room additions to full second-story expansions. A design-build firm evaluates all expansion options during the feasibility phase and recommends the best approach.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Home AdditionADUBuilding PermitLot Coverage
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Home Remodeling

Definition

Home remodeling is the process of modifying, updating, or reconfiguring the interior or exterior of an existing home to improve function, aesthetics, energy performance, or value. It differs from renovation in that remodeling may involve changing the layout or use of spaces.

Explanation

Remodeling projects range from kitchen and bath updates to full interior reconfiguration. Structural changes, electrical upgrades, and layout modifications often require permits. Design-build firms manage the entire remodeling process, from design through construction and final inspection.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
RenovationRemodelingInterior FinishesBuilding Permit
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HVAC

Definition

HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It refers to the systems that regulate temperature, humidity, and air quality in a building. HVAC design is a critical component of residential construction, renovation, and energy efficiency planning.

Explanation

A properly designed HVAC system keeps your home comfortable year-round while minimizing energy costs. New additions and ADUs require dedicated HVAC design. Design-build firms coordinate HVAC system design and installation with mechanical engineers and licensed contractors as part of every project.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Energy-Efficient Home DesignTitle 24 ComplianceInsulationHome Addition

I

Insulation

Definition
Insulation is material installed in walls, floors, ceilings, and roofs to reduce heat transfer between the interior and exterior of a building. It improves thermal comfort, reduces energy consumption, and contributes to noise control and moisture management.
Explanation

The right insulation type and R-value depend on climate zone, building assembly, and energy code requirements. California's Title 24 and other state codes set minimum insulation standards. Design-build firms specify and install code-compliant insulation as part of new construction, additions, and remodels.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Energy-Efficient Home DesignBuilding EnvelopeTitle 24 ComplianceHVAC

Interior Finishes

Definition
Interior finishes are the final visible surface materials applied to the inside of a building, including flooring, cabinetry, countertops, tile, paint, trim, and hardware. They define the aesthetic quality, durability, and feel of a completed interior space.
Explanation
Interior finish selections significantly impact the look, feel, and cost of a project. Decisions are typically made during design development. Design-build firms guide homeowners through material selection to ensure choices are cohesive, within budget, and match the overall design intent.
Example"Selecting hardwood floors, quartz countertops, and custom cabinetry for a kitchen remodel."
Related Terms
Design DevelopmentRemodelingHome RemodelingConstruction Budget

J

Junior ADU (JADU)

Definition
A junior accessory dwelling unit (JADU) is a small secondary dwelling unit of up to 500 square feet created entirely within the existing walls of a single-family home, including conversions of bedrooms, garages, or other interior spaces.
Explanation
JADUs are a lower-cost alternative to full ADUs because they use existing space rather than new construction. They are subject to specific California state laws and local zoning requirements. A design-build firm can evaluate whether your home qualifies for a JADU and manage the permitting process.
Example"Converting a large bedroom and adjacent bathroom into a JADU with a kitchenette."
Related Terms
ADUDetached ADUGarage ConversionZoning
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K

Kitchen Remodel

Definition

A kitchen remodel is a construction project that updates, reconfigures, or fully rebuilds a kitchen space, including new cabinetry, countertops, flooring, appliances, lighting, and plumbing or electrical upgrades. It is one of the most popular and highest-ROI home improvement projects.

Explanation

Kitchen remodels range from cosmetic refreshes to complete layout changes that move walls, plumbing, and electrical systems. Structural changes and utility relocations require permits. Design-build firms manage the full scope—from planning and permit submission through construction and final finishes.

Example"Removing a wall to open the kitchen to the dining area and installing new custom cabinetry."
Related Terms
Interior FinishesRemodelingHome RemodelingOpen Floor Plan

L

Land Survey

Definition
A land survey is a professional measurement and mapping of a property's boundaries, topography, and existing features conducted by a licensed surveyor. It establishes precise property lines and is required for permit applications, boundary disputes, and site planning.
Explanation
A land survey confirms where your property begins and ends, which directly affects where you can build. Surveys reveal encroachments, easements, and accurate lot dimensions. Design-build firms require a current land survey during the feasibility phase to accurately position new structures on your lot.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Property LineSite PlanEasementFeasibility Study

Landscape Architecture

Definition
Landscape architecture is the professional design of outdoor environments, including site grading, planting, hardscape, drainage, and open space planning. Licensed landscape architects integrate functional and aesthetic elements with environmental and regulatory considerations.
Explanation

On residential projects, landscape architecture addresses outdoor living areas, drainage, native plantings, privacy, and site access. New ADUs and additions often require landscape updates to address grading, drainage, and permit requirements. Design-build firms work with landscape architects when site conditions require specialized expertise.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
HardscapeGradingSite PlanRetaining Wall

Load Bearing Wall

Definition
A load-bearing wall is a structural wall that carries and transfers the weight of the building above it—including floors, roof, and upper stories—down to the foundation. Removing or modifying a load-bearing wall requires structural engineering review and permits.
Explanation
Identifying load-bearing walls is essential before any remodeling that involves opening up floor plans or removing walls. Improperly removing a load-bearing wall can cause serious structural damage. Design-build firms assess structural systems before demolition and engineer appropriate beam solutions when walls are removed.
Example"Installing a steel beam to support the roof after removing a load-bearing wall."
Related Terms
Structural EngineerFramingDead LoadRemodeling
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Lot Coverage

Definition
Lot coverage is the percentage of a property's total lot area that is covered by buildings and other impervious structures, as measured from the exterior walls. Local zoning codes establish maximum lot coverage limits to maintain open space, drainage, and neighborhood character.
Explanation

When planning an ADU, addition, or new structure, you must stay within your zoning district's lot coverage limit. Exceeding lot coverage requires a zoning variance. Design-build firms calculate lot coverage during feasibility to confirm your project is buildable under current zoning regulations.

Example"When planning an ADU, addition, or new structure, you must stay within your zoning district's lot coverage limit. Exceeding lot coverage requires a zoning variance. Design-build firms calculate lot coverage during feasibility to confirm your project is buildable under current zoning regulations."
Related Terms
Building FootprintZoningSetbackFeasibility Study

M

Master Plan

Definition

A master plan is a long-term strategic document that outlines the phased development or improvement of a property, including future additions, ADUs, landscaping, and infrastructure upgrades. It guides decision-making across multiple construction phases over time.

Explanation

A property master plan helps homeowners prioritize improvements, avoid costly rework, and ensure future phases connect seamlessly. For example, rough-in plumbing for a future ADU can be installed during an initial remodel. Design-build firms develop master plans to help homeowners invest strategically.

Example"A phased plan to add a detached ADU in phase two after completing a home addition in phase one."
Related Terms
Feasibility StudyPre-ConstructionADUHome Expansion

MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing)

Definition

MEP refers to the three primary building systems—mechanical (HVAC), electrical, and plumbing—that make a building functional, safe, and comfortable. MEP systems are designed and installed by licensed trade contractors and must comply with applicable codes.

Explanation

MEP systems are coordinated during the design phase to avoid conflicts with structure, walls, and finishes. Proper MEP planning is critical for ADUs, additions, and remodels. Design-build firms coordinate MEP scopes with licensed trade contractors early to prevent costly field conflicts during construction.

Related Terms
HVACPlumbing PlanEngineering PlansConstruction Documents

N

Net Zero Home

Definition

A net zero home is a residential building designed and built to produce as much energy as it consumes on an annual basis, typically through a combination of energy efficiency measures and on-site renewable energy generation such as solar panels.

Explanation

Net zero homes dramatically reduce or eliminate monthly utility bills. They rely on high-performance insulation, airtight construction, efficient HVAC, and solar energy systems. Design-build firms can incorporate net zero strategies into new custom homes and major remodeling projects.

Example"A new custom home with rooftop solar and a battery storage system achieving net zero energy use."
Related Terms
Energy-Efficient Home DesignGreen BuildingTitle 24 ComplianceHVAC

O

Open Floor Plan

Definition
An open floor plan is a residential layout in which two or more common living areas—typically the kitchen, dining room, and living room—share a single, unobstructed space without dividing walls. It creates a sense of spaciousness and improves sight lines and natural light.
Explanation

Open floor plans are among the most requested features in home remodeling and custom home design. Achieving them often requires removing load-bearing walls and installing engineered beams. Design-build firms handle structural assessment, beam design, and construction to create open plans safely and legally.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Floor PlanLoad Bearing WallRemodelingStructural Engineer

Owner-Builder

Definition
An owner-builder is a property owner who acts as their own general contractor for construction or renovation work on their own residence, pulling permits and directly hiring subcontractors without a licensed general contractor. Owner-builder permits have specific legal limitations.
Explanation
While acting as an owner-builder can save on contractor overhead, it comes with significant risk—including liability for worker safety, code compliance, and construction quality. Most homeowners find it more efficient and less stressful to hire a licensed design-build firm to manage construction on their behalf.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
General ContractorBuilding PermitSubcontractorDesign-Build

P

Permit Approval

Definition
Permit approval is the official authorization granted by a local building department after reviewing submitted plans and confirming they comply with building codes, zoning regulations, and safety standards. Permit approval must be obtained before construction begins.
Explanation

Permit approval can take days to months depending on the jurisdiction and project complexity. Some cities offer expedited review for ADUs. Design-build firms submit complete, code-compliant permit packages to minimize review time and respond to any plan check corrections efficiently.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Permit SubmissionBuilding PermitBuilding CodePre-Construction
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Permit Submission

Definition
Permit submission is the formal process of submitting a complete permit application package—including architectural plans, engineering documents, and supporting materials—to the local building department for review and approval.
Explanation

A well-prepared permit submission reduces delays by providing everything reviewers need upfront. Incomplete or non-compliant submissions result in plan check corrections and added cost. Design-build firms prepare and submit permit packages as part of the design-build process, managing all communication with the building department.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Permit ApprovalConstruction DocumentsBuilding PermitDesign-Build Process
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Permit Ready Plans

Definition

Permit-ready plans are a complete, fully coordinated set of architectural and engineering drawings that meet all local building code and zoning requirements and are prepared specifically for permit submission without requiring additional design work.

Explanation

Permit-ready plans are especially important for ADU projects, where pre-approved or standardized designs can dramatically speed up the permit process. Design-build firms produce permit-ready plans as the final output of the construction document phase, ensuring submissions are complete the first time.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Construction DocumentsPermit SubmissionADUArchitectural Plans
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Plumbing Plan

Definition
A plumbing plan is a technical drawing that shows the layout of water supply lines, drain-waste-vent (DWV) systems, fixtures, and connections within a building. Plumbing plans are required for permit submission on most residential construction and remodeling projects.
Explanation
Plumbing plans ensure that water, drain, and gas systems are properly sized, code-compliant, and coordinated with structural and architectural elements. Adding a kitchen, bathroom, or ADU requires detailed plumbing planning. Design-build firms coordinate plumbing design with licensed engineers and plumbing contractors.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Construction DocumentsEngineering PlansHome AdditionRemodeling

Pre-Construction

Definition

Pre-construction is the planning phase that occurs before physical building begins, encompassing feasibility analysis, design development, engineering, cost estimating, permit submission, subcontractor selection, and project scheduling.

Explanation

A thorough pre-construction phase prevents costly surprises during construction. It aligns design, budget, timeline, and regulatory requirements before a single nail is driven. Design-build firms invest heavily in pre-construction planning to ensure smooth, efficient project execution once construction begins.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Feasibility StudyConstruction DocumentsPermit SubmissionDesign-Build Process
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Project Manager

Definition
A project manager is the professional responsible for overseeing all aspects of a construction project from pre-construction through completion, including scheduling, budgeting, subcontractor coordination, quality control, and client communication.
Explanation

A dedicated project manager is a homeowner's primary point of contact throughout construction. They keep the project on schedule and budget, resolve issues quickly, and ensure quality standards are met. Design-build firms assign a project manager to every project for consistent oversight and accountability.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Construction ManagementGeneral ContractorConstruction ScheduleDesign-Build Firm
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Property Line

Definition
A property line is the legally defined boundary that separates one parcel of land from an adjacent parcel or public right-of-way. Property lines are established by land surveys and recorded in public records, determining where one owner's land ends and another's begins.
Explanation
Property lines directly affect where you can build. Setback requirements mandate minimum distances from property lines for all structures. Violating setbacks requires a variance or redesign. Design-build firms verify property lines through land surveys during the feasibility phase before any site planning begins.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Building SetbackSetbackLand SurveySite Plan

Q

Quality Control

Definition

Quality control in construction is the systematic process of inspecting, testing, and verifying that materials, workmanship, and completed work meet the specified standards and project requirements at each phase of construction.

Explanation

Consistent quality control prevents defects, rework, and costly post-construction repairs. It includes regular site inspections, material reviews, and trade coordination checks. Design-build firms build quality control checkpoints into every phase of construction to protect the homeowner's investment.

Related Terms
Construction ManagementProject ManagerConstruction PhasesSubcontractor

R

Remodeling

Definition

Remodeling is the process of making changes to an existing structure to alter its layout, use, or character—such as reconfiguring rooms, upgrading kitchens and bathrooms, or converting spaces for new purposes. It goes beyond surface updates to modify the function or form of a space.

Explanation

Remodeling projects require careful coordination of design, structural assessment, permits, and construction trades. Unlike renovation, remodeling often involves changing walls, plumbing, or electrical systems. Design-build firms manage the full scope of residential remodeling projects under one contract.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
RenovationHome RemodelingHome AdditionInterior Finishes
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Renovation

Definition
Renovation refers to the process of restoring, repairing, or updating an existing building or space to improve its condition, appearance, or functionality without fundamentally changing its structure or layout. Renovations include painting, flooring replacement, fixture updates, and systems upgrades.
Explanation
Renovation improves a home without the complexity of structural changes. However, even cosmetic renovations may require permits if they involve electrical, plumbing, or mechanical work. Design-build firms offer renovation services alongside major remodeling and addition projects for a cohesive outcome.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
RemodelingHome RemodelingInterior FinishesBuilding Permit

Retaining Wall

Definition

A retaining wall is a structural element designed to hold back soil and prevent erosion or slope failure when there is a change in ground elevation on a property. Retaining walls are commonly built from concrete, masonry, stone, or timber.

Explanation

Retaining walls are often required on sloped lots when grading creates a level building pad or outdoor area. They must be engineered for height and soil pressure. Design-build firms include retaining wall design and engineering as part of site development on hillside and sloped properties.

Example"A concrete retaining wall holding back a hillside to create a level ADU pad."
Related Terms
GradingStructural EngineerSite PlanLandscape Architecture
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S

Schematic Design

Definition
Schematic design is the first formal phase of the architectural design process in which the overall design concept, floor plan layout, massing, and spatial relationships are established. It transforms the homeowner's goals into an initial visual and spatial framework.
Explanation
Schematic design is where ideas become drawings. Homeowners review and approve the overall layout and concept before detailed design work begins. Design-build firms present schematic design options to homeowners early in the process, allowing for adjustments before significant design investment occurs.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Design DevelopmentFloor PlanArchitectural DrawingsDesign-Build Process

Scope of Work

Definition
The scope of work is a detailed written description of all work to be performed on a construction project, including the specific tasks, deliverables, and materials the contractor is responsible for. It defines the boundaries of the project and is a key component of any construction contract.
Explanation
A clear scope of work prevents misunderstandings and disputes about what is and isn't included in a project. Changes to the scope are handled through formal change orders. Design-build firms define the scope of work in the contract before construction begins, giving homeowners full clarity on what to expect.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Change OrderConstruction ProposalDesign-Build ContractPre-Construction

Setback

Definition

A setback is the minimum required distance that a structure must be located from a property line, street, or other boundary as specified by local zoning regulations. Front, rear, and side setbacks all apply and determine where buildings can legally be placed on a lot.

Explanation

Setback rules vary by zoning district and can significantly affect the size and placement of an ADU or home addition. In some jurisdictions, ADU setback requirements have been relaxed by state law. Design-build firms review all applicable setbacks during feasibility to ensure the project can be built as proposed.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Building SetbackProperty LineZoning CodeLot Coverage
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Site Plan

Definition
A site plan is a scaled architectural drawing that shows the top-down view of a property, including the location of all structures, setbacks, property lines, driveways, utilities, and landscaping. Site plans are required for most residential permit applications.
Explanation

A site plan shows how your project fits on your lot in relation to property lines, neighboring structures, and public streets. Accurately drawn site plans are essential for permit approval. Design-build firms prepare site plans as part of the construction document package submitted to the building department.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Building FootprintProperty LineSetbackLand Survey

Structural Engineer

Definition
A structural engineer is a licensed professional engineer who designs and evaluates the structural systems of buildings to ensure they safely support all required loads, including dead loads, live loads, wind, seismic forces, and snow. Structural engineering is required on most residential addition and remodeling projects.
Explanation
Structural engineers calculate beam sizes, column placements, foundation requirements, and connection details. Their stamped drawings are required for permit submission on structural work. Design-build firms work with trusted structural engineers on every project that involves structural changes, additions, or ADUs.
Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Engineering PlansDead LoadLoad Bearing WallFraming

Subcontractor

Definition

A subcontractor is a licensed specialty trade contractor hired by a general contractor or design-build firm to perform specific portions of construction work, such as electrical, plumbing, framing, roofing, HVAC, tile, or concrete.

Explanation

Subcontractors are the tradespeople who physically build the project. A general contractor or design-build firm manages and coordinates their work. Selecting reliable, licensed subcontractors is critical to quality and schedule. Design-build firms maintain vetted subcontractor networks to ensure consistent workmanship.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
General ContractorConstruction ManagementConstruction ScheduleProject Manager
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T

Title 24 Compliance

Definition
Title 24 compliance refers to adherence to California's Building Energy Efficiency Standards, which set mandatory energy performance requirements for new construction and major renovations, including insulation, windows, lighting, HVAC systems, and water heating.
Explanation

California's Title 24 is one of the most stringent energy codes in the United States. All new homes, ADUs, and major remodels in California must meet Title 24 standards. Design-build firms include Title 24 energy calculations and documentation as part of the permit submission package.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Energy-Efficient Home DesignInsulationHVACBuilding Code

U

Universal Design

Definition

Universal design is an approach to residential planning and construction that creates spaces accessible and usable by people of all ages and abilities, including those with mobility limitations. Features include wider doorways, no-step entries, roll-in showers, and lever-style hardware.

Explanation

Universal design makes a home livable for longer by accommodating aging in place and varying physical abilities. It is increasingly requested in home additions, remodels, and ADUs for multigenerational living. Design-build firms incorporate universal design principles into residential projects when it aligns with homeowner goals.

Example: Installing a zero-threshold shower and 36-inch-wide doorways in a new in-law ADU.

Related Terms
Home AdditionADUHome RemodelingRemodeling

V

Value Engineering

Definition

Value engineering is a systematic process of reviewing construction plans and specifications to identify cost-saving alternatives that maintain design intent, quality, and functionality. It is typically performed during the design or pre-construction phase.

Explanation

Value engineering helps homeowners stay within budget without compromising the overall project. For example, swapping a premium material for a cost-effective equivalent that achieves the same look. Design-build firms apply value engineering throughout design to align project scope with the approved budget.

Example"Substituting engineered hardwood for solid hardwood flooring to reduce costs without changing aesthetics."
Related Terms
Construction BudgetPre-ConstructionScope of WorkDesign Development

W

Waterproofing

Definition

Waterproofing is the application of materials, membranes, or systems to a building's foundation, walls, roof, or wet areas to prevent water infiltration and moisture damage. It is a critical component of foundations, bathrooms, decks, and below-grade construction.

Explanation

Improper waterproofing is one of the leading causes of costly residential damage, including mold, rot, and structural deterioration. Design-build firms specify and install proper waterproofing systems during construction to protect the long-term integrity of your home.

Example"Installing a waterproof membrane under a rooftop deck before applying finish pavers."
Related Terms
FoundationBuilding EnvelopeConcrete SlabRemodeling

Work Order

Definition

A work order is an internal document issued by a contractor or project manager that authorizes and describes specific tasks to be completed by a trade or subcontractor on a construction project. It details the scope, location, materials, and timeline for the assigned work.

Explanation

Work orders keep construction organized by ensuring subcontractors receive clear, written instructions for each task. They help track costs and progress on active projects. Design-build firms use work orders internally to manage subcontractor coordination and maintain accurate project records.

Related Terms
SubcontractorProject ManagerScope of WorkConstruction Schedule

X

Xeriscape

Definition

Xeriscape is a water-efficient landscaping method that uses drought-tolerant plants, gravel, mulch, and minimal irrigation to reduce outdoor water consumption. It is especially relevant in California and other drought-prone states where water conservation is encouraged or required by local ordinance.

Explanation

Homeowners adding an ADU, patio, or home addition often need to update their landscaping to meet local requirements. Xeriscape reduces long-term maintenance costs and water bills while improving curb appeal. Design-build firms coordinate xeriscape planning with site grading and drainage as part of the overall project.

Example"Replacing a grass lawn with native plants and decomposed granite around a new detached ADU."
Related Terms
Landscape ArchitectureHardscapeGradingSite Plan

X-Bracing

Definition

X-bracing is a structural system that uses diagonal cross-members arranged in an X-pattern within wall or roof framing to resist lateral forces such as wind and seismic loads. It is commonly used in residential construction in earthquake-prone regions like California.

Explanation

In areas with high seismic activity, X-bracing adds critical stability to a building's structural frame. It is often required by structural engineers on new custom homes, ADUs, and additions built on challenging sites. Design-build firms coordinate X-bracing requirements with licensed structural engineers during the engineering phase.

Example"X-bracing installed in the exterior wall framing of a new detached ADU in a high-seismic zone."
Related Terms
Structural EngineerFramingDead LoadEngineering Plans

Y

Yield (Property Yield)

Definition

Property yield is the annual financial return generated by a rental unit or investment property, expressed as a percentage of the total construction or purchase cost. It is commonly used by homeowners to evaluate the return on investment of building an ADU or adding a rental unit.

Explanation

Understanding property yield helps homeowners make smarter decisions about ADU construction costs versus expected rental income. A well-designed ADU in a high-demand area can generate strong long-term returns. Design-build firms help homeowners evaluate project costs early so yield projections are realistic and achievable.

Example"A $150,000 ADU generating $2,000/month in rent yields approximately 16% annually."
Related Terms
ADUDetached ADUJunior ADU (JADU)Construction Budget

Z

Zoning

Definition
Zoning is a system of land-use regulations established by local governments that divides a municipality into zones and specifies permitted uses, building types, lot sizes, setbacks, height limits, and density for each zone.
Explanation

Zoning determines what you can build on your property and where. Residential zones vary in what they permit—single-family only, ADUs, duplexes, or multi-family. Design-build firms review zoning regulations as the first step in evaluating whether an ADU, addition, or custom home is feasible on a given parcel.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
Zoning CodeZoning VarianceSetbackLot Coverage
Learn More

Zoning Code

Definition

A zoning code is the comprehensive set of local ordinances and regulations that govern land use, building placement, density, height, lot coverage, and permitted uses within a jurisdiction. It is enforced by the local planning or building department.

Explanation

The zoning code is the rulebook for what can be built, where, and how big it can be. Homeowners planning ADUs, additions, or new construction must comply with their local zoning code. Design-build firms review the applicable zoning code for every project to ensure feasibility and guide design parameters.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
ZoningZoning VarianceBuilding CodeSetback
Learn More

Zoning Variance

Definition
A zoning variance is an official exemption granted by a local zoning board that allows a property owner to deviate from one or more specific requirements of the zoning code, such as setbacks, height limits, or lot coverage, where strict compliance would cause undue hardship.
Explanation

Variances are not guaranteed and require a formal application, public notice, and board approval. They are typically granted only when unique site conditions make strict compliance unreasonable. Design-build firms can identify when a variance may be needed and help homeowners prepare a compelling application.

Example"A detached backyard cottage built behind a single-family home in Los Angeles."
Related Terms
ZoningZoning CodeSetbackLot Coverage
Learn More